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Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.

Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.

Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.

Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.

The breadth and scope of copyright limitations and exceptions has emerged as a major policy issue around the world.² Some narrow limitations on copyright holders’ rights, such as quotation, remain uncontroversial, yet more expansive, flexible exceptions have generated fierce debate. Virtually all domestic copyright laws include some limitations and exceptions to the exclusive rights otherwise granted to copyright holders, typically achieved through the adoption of one of two models. One approach is a “fair use” model, which is widely viewed as the most flexible limitation and exception on the copyright holders’ rights, given its potential applicability to any circumstance or

Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.

«Le Code civil du Québec étant en vigueur depuis près de 20 ans, la jurisprudence et la doctrine interprétant les dispositions du code sont maintenant très abondantes. Par ailleurs, ayant été responsable à l’Université Laval du cours portant sur la vente, le louage et le contrat d’entreprise et de services pendant plus de 30 ans, cet ouvrage a pour but de fournir aux étudiants un ouvrage leur permettant non seulement d’apprendre les rudiments de ces matières mais encore d’y réfléchir en faisant les liens appropriés avec les autres domaines du droit ayant unimpact sur l’application du droit des contrats. Le volume leur permet aussi de compléter leurs informations par des références à la jurisprudence et à la doctrine récentes, ou aux décisions plus anciennes rendues sous l’ancien code, qui conservent leur pertinence. Observons que contrairement au Code civil du Bas Canada, le Code civil du Québec, ne reprend pas toujours dans les chapitres consacrés à la vente, au louage ou au contrat d’entreprise, les règles importantes du droit général des obligations. Il faut donc être en mesure d’établir les liens qui s’imposent. D’autre part, l’exercice des recours prévus par ces différents contrats fait appel au Code de procédure civile et au droit administratif. Mentionnons seulement ici la Régie du logement, ou les règles régissant la formation des contrats d’entreprise pour la construction d’ouvrages immobiliers, avec les gouvernements et les municipalités. Le présent ouvrage est à la fois théorique et pratique. Il est théorique car il expose les principes du droit, mais il est aussi pratique car il attire l’attention sur les clauses contractuelles opportunes et les allégations et conclusions des actes de procédure destinés à permettre aux parties de faire valoir leurs droits. !fauteur espère que cet ouvrage sera utile non seulement aux étudiants pendant leurs études, mais aussi après, quand ils exerceront leur profession. C’est d’ailleurs à leur intention qu’ont été fournies les abondantes références jurisprudentielles et doctrinales dans les notes infrapaginales.»-- Résumé de l'éditeur

Drawing on interviews with queer youth and their allies in the Toronto area, the author considers the effectiveness of safe school legislation and concludes that the current legislation is often more responsive than proactive., "Recent cases of teen suicide linked with homophobic bullying have thrust the issue of school safety into the national spotlight. In 'Don't Be So Gay!' Queers, Bullying, and Making Schools Safe, Donn Short considers the effectiveness of safe-school legislation. Drawing on interviews with queer youth and their allies in the Toronto area, Short concludes that current legislation is more responsive than proactive. Moreover, cultural influences and peer pressure may be more powerful than legislation in shaping the school environment. Exploring how students' own experiences, ideas, and definitions of safety might be translated into policy reform, this book offers a fresh perspective on a hotly debated issue." -- Publisher's description.

Recent amendments have underscored punitive aspects in sentencing. This is apparent in the multiplication of mandatory minimum sentences, restriction of conditional sentences, limitation of credit for pre-sentence custody, and doubling the victim surcharge with no discretion for exemption. Apart from their specific effects, these amendments signal a reorientation of the principles and objectives of sentencing expressed in Part XXIII of the Code and in the jurisprudence that has evolved since 1996. They diminish the importance of rehabilitative and restorative aims in favour of greater retribution. As a result, they alter several principles of sentencing that remain in the Code as they were enacted in 1995 - including proportionality, individualization and totality. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Three decades of research on public perceptions in Canada has fundamentally shifted academic and policy approaches to understanding public views of crime and punishment. The contributions of Anthony Doob and his colleagues have influenced methodology, such as the inclusion of experimental design, and have supported an underlying commitment to understanding the public's view of crime and its relationship to policy. This article examines key findings coming out of this body of research and the impact of this work on current criminal justice policy in Canada. Despite the significance of this body of work on public perceptions research, the impact on current criminal justice policy appears to be diminishing.

This chapter compares and contrasts the sentencing guidelines in England and Wales with the corresponding sentencing guidelines developed but not yet implemented in New Zealand. In this essay, the objectives of a sentencing guidelines system are explored. The text explores what is required to achieve these objectives and considers on this basis how successful each jurisdiction’s scheme is likely to be. We conclude that the New Zealand model has many more of the ingredients for success than the model in England and Wales.

"There is a serious access to justice problem in Canada. The civil and family justice system is too complex, too slow and too expensive. It is too often incapable of producing just outcomes that are proportional to the problems brought to it or reflective of the needs of the people it is meant to serve. While there are many dedicated people trying hard to make it work and there have been many reform efforts, the system continues to lack coherent leadership, institutional structures that can design and implement change, and appropriate coordination to ensure consistent and cost effective reform. Major change is needed. This report has three purposes: to promote a broad understanding of what we mean by access to justice and of the access to justice problem facing our civil and family justice system; to identify and promote a new way of thinking 'a culture shift' to guide our approach to reform; and to provide an access to justice roadmap for real improvement"-- Executive summary.