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Ashley Smith’s experience in the adult prison system flowed from certain of its systemic features. This article considers whether and how it is possible to reconcile the basic commitments of sentencing law, including the legal aims of punishment, with that systemic portrait. The youth court that ordered Smith’s transfer to adult custody relied upon an idealized conception of adult imprisonment, just as ordinary adult sentencing courts do. Judges purport to stipulate the severity of punishment, but tend not to consider how prison conditions will shape the severity of the sanction. Even where a particular defendant is likely to face unique difficulties in custody, courts tend to take notice in limited and rare ways. Smith’s experience in adult custody challenges us to more clearly identify, and to consider extending, doctrinal sentencing rules that represent a judicial concern with the effects and prospects of imprisonment in particular cases. , L’expérience vécue par Ashley Smith dans le système carcéral pour adultes témoigne de certaines caractéristiques de ce système. Le présent article tente d’établir, d’une part, s’il est possible d’harmoniser les engagements de base des lois régissant la détermination de la peine, y compris les visées légales des sanctions, au système carcéral et, d’autre part, comment arriver à une telle harmonisation entre ces lois et la réalité de ce système. Le tribunal de la jeunesse qui a ordonné le transfert d’Ashley Smith dans un établissement correctionnel pour adultes a eu recours à une conception idéalisée de la détention des adultes, une conception partagée par les tribunaux pour adultes. Les juges prétendent stipuler la sévérité de la peine sans toutefois tenir compte du fait que les conditions de détention accroissent la sévérité de la sanction. Même si un accusé est susceptible d’éprouver des difficultés particulières durant sa détention, les tribunaux ont peu tendance à le remarquer ou à en tenir compte. L’expérience de détention d’Ashley Smith dans un établissement correctionnel pour adultes lance le défi d’identifier plus précisément, voire d’élargir, la doctrine en matière de détermination de la peine témoignant d’une préoccupation judiciaire pour les effets de la détention dans certains cas particuliers.

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Berger, B., & Kerr, L. (2020). Methods and Severity: The Two Tracks of Section 12. Supreme Court Law Review, 2d, 94, 235. https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/scholarly_works/2783

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Stuart, Don. (2019). Boudreault: The Supreme Court Strikes Down Mandatory Victim Surcharges to Protect Vulnerable Offenders. Criminal Reports, 7th, 50, 276.

Rosemary, C. W. (2015). A Disappointing Silence: Mandatory Minimums and Substantive Equality. Criminal Reports, 7th, 18, 297.

Mangat, R. (2014). More Than We Can Afford: The Costs of Mandatory Minimum Sentencing. British Columbia Civil Liberties Association.

Raji Mangat, 2014 CanLIIDocs 12

Fehr, C. (2021). Tying Down the Tracks: Severity, Method, and the Text of Section 12 of the Charter. Canadian Criminal Law Review, 25(3), 235–253.

Chaster, S. (2018). Cruel, unusual, and constitutionally infirm: mandatory minimum sentences in Canada. Appeal: Review of Current Law and Law Reform, 23, 89.

Canada Office of the Correctional Investigator. (2017). Missed opportunities: the experience of young adults incarcerated in federal penitentiaries : final report. The Correctional Investigator Canada.

Canada Office of the Correctional Investigator. (2013). A case study of diversity in corrections: the Black inmate experience in federal penitentiaries : final report. Office of the Correctional Investigator of Canada.

Spotlight on Gladue: Challenges, Experiences, and Possibilities in Canada’s Criminal Justice System. (2017). Department of Justice Canada.

'In view of the implications of the Gladue and Ipeelee decisions for Canada's criminal justice system, this paper was designed to meet the following objectives: to provide a brief statistical overview on the overrepresentation of Indigenous persons in the Canadian correctional system, a summary of the legislative reforms that led to s. 718.2(e), and an overview of the court's interpretation in Gladue and Ipeelee; to analyze the key issues in the literature regarding the application of s. 718.2(e), and the Gladue and Ipeelee decisions in sentencing Indigenous individuals; to describe the justice system initiatives and programs that have been put in place to support the application of s. 718.2(e) in Canadian provinces and territories; and to summarize the studies on the experiences of members of the court system and Indigenous accused who have participated in Indigenous justice system initiatives"--Objectives, p. 5-6.

Berger, Benjamin L. (2020). Proportionality and the Experience of Punishment. In D. Cole & J. V. Roberts (Eds.), Sentencing in Canada: essays in law, policy, and practice (p. 368). Irwin Law.

"Sentencing in Canada contains a unique collection of essays that explore all key aspects of sentencing. The contributors include leading academics, criminal law practitioners, and members of the judiciary, and many of the authors have extensive experience working in the areas of sentencing and parole. The volume is not simply a statement of the law — instead, the chapters explore the wider context in which sentencing and parole decisions are taken. The volume also incorporates findings from the latest empirical research into sentencing policy and practice in Canada, including important issues such as sentencing Indigenous persons. As Mr Justice Moldaver notes in his preface, the volume “will be useful to criminal law practitioners and, more generally, to all persons interested in sentencing.”" - hinterer Umschlagtext

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