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In Canada, there are persistent allegations and some empirical evidence suggesting racialized police bias; certain (non-White) groups appear to face over-enforcement as criminal suspects and under-enforcement as victims. Yet, it is challenging to prove or disprove these claims. Unlike other countries, where governments routinely publish police-reported crime and criminal court data identifying the race/ethnicity of criminal suspects and victims, Canada maintains a ban on the publication of such data. In this article, using an intersectional and critical analysis, we examine 127 prosecuted (predominantly domestic sex) trafficking cases and explore related claims of racial and gender bias together with sensationalism in the enforcement of Canadian anti-trafficking in persons laws. Our findings align with other empirical research observing the racially selective identification and prosecution of sex trafficking cases through a heteronormative and gender binary lens. Whether real or perceived, racial—alongside gender, sexuality, economic, citizenship, and occupational—bias has significant adverse consequences for the equality, liberty, security, mobility, labour, and access to justice rights of the Indigenous, Black, Arab/Muslim and other racialized communities being policed. Our data reveal a clear and pressing need to publish race-disaggregated crime and criminal court data and to challenge deeply ingrained stereotypes using various means., RésuméAu Canada, il y a des allégations persistantes et des preuves empiriques suggérant des préjugés racistes de la part de la police; certains groupes (non blancs) semblent être confrontés à une application excessive de la loi comme suspects et à une application insuffisante comme victimes. Pourtant, il est difficile de prouver ou de réfuter ces allégations. Contrairement à d’autres pays, où les gouvernements publient régulièrement les données de la police et des tribunaux pénaux identifiant la race/ethnicité des suspects et des victimes, le Canada maintient une interdiction de publication de ces données. Dans cet article, à l’aide d’une analyse intersectionnelle et critique, nous examinons 127 cas de trafic (principalement le trafic sexuel en territoire national) ayant fait l’objet de poursuites judiciaires et explorons les allégations connexes de préjugés raciaux et sexuels, ainsi que le sensationnalisme dans l’application des lois canadiennes contre la traite des personnes. Nos conclusions s’alignent sur d’autres recherches empiriques observant l’identification et la poursuite raciales sélectives des cas de trafic sexuel à travers une lentille binaire hétéronormative et sexospécifique. Qu’elle soit réelle ou perçue comme telle, la race – à côté du sexe, de la sexualité, de l’économie, de la citoyenneté et des préjugés professionnels – a des conséquences négatives importantes sur l’égalité, la liberté, la sécurité, la mobilité, le travail et les droits d’accès à la justice des communautés autochtones, noires, arabes/musulmanes et autres communautés racialisées qui sont contrôlées par la police. Nos données révèlent un besoin clair et urgent de publier des données sur la criminalité et les tribunaux pénaux ventilées par race et de remettre en question des stéréotypes profondément ancrés.

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Historically, homosexuality and prostitution were both branded immoral vices that required criminalization, despite the fact that they were also considered ‘victimless crimes.’ Yet, in contemporary Canadian society, gays and lesbians have gained wide social acceptance and legal rights, while the sex trade has become more criminalized, stigmatized, and, for clients or third parties, vilified. This article explores the reasons for this divergence. First, drawing on radical queer critique, I problematize this framing, arguing that the equality and rights-based victories for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans community did not necessarily benefit all of its members. Building on this insight, I argue that those queers who are unable or uninterested in accessing the benefits ushered in by ‘gay rights’ have identities, proclivities, and vulnerabilities that overlap with those of sex workers and/or their clients. Part I of the article sets the socio-legal and political context, providing succinct overviews of key developments relating to gay and lesbian rights and of key developments relating to sex trade regulation, focusing primarily on the last fifty years. Part II analyses how gay/lesbian mainstream acceptance and the queer/sex trade marginalization occurred through overlapping discourses and laws related to privacy, bawdy houses/indecency, disease, spousal/marital relations, and children. I end with a consideration of the intersectionality between queerness and the sex trade, both in terms of subjectivities and non-normative sexual practices.

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"First published in 1945, Glanville Williams: Learning the Law has been introducing students to the foundation skills needed to study law effectively for over 70 years. Now in its 17th edition, it is still the must-have book for every student embarking upon a law degree. [This book] introduces students to the basic legal materials such as statutes and case law, and explains how these are to be read and interpreted in the light of common law doctrines of precedent. [It] explains how legal problems are to be solved and discussed in the examination room [and] offers advice on study methods, exam preparation, time and stress management. [It] discusses the methods of legal research, and explains where to look for the law, both on paper and electronically [and] covers participation in moots, mock trials and other competitions. [It] discusses employment prospects and gives advice on seeking and obtaining work [and] provides recommendations for further reading within and outside the law." --publisher's description.

The purpose of this study was to investigate nonconsensual condom removal (NCCR), also termed “stealthing,” which involves a male partner removing a condom during sex without knowledge or consent. Young women (N = 364) provided self-report data on sociodemographic characteristics, NCCR experiences, and sexual self-perceptions. Almost 10% of the participants reported experiencing NCCR, with increased risk linked to nonheterosexuality, nonexclusive relationship status, and more sexual partners. Women with NCCR histories reported less confidence to refuse unwanted sexual advances and felt less in control of themselves as sexual beings. Together, the findings suggested NCCR is a somewhat common sexual risk behavior which may pose acute and sustained psychosexual harm to victims.

For more than a century, Black's Law Dictionary has been the gold standard for the language of law. This edition contains more than 50,000 terms, including more than 7,500 terms new to this edition. It also features expanded bibliographic coverage, definitions of more than 1,000 law-related abbreviations and acronyms, and reviewed and edited Latin maxims

Neil Duxbury examines how precedents constrain legal decision-makers and how legal decision-makers relax and avoid those constraints. There is no single principle or theory which explains the authority of precedent but rather a number of arguments which raise rebuttable presumptions in favour of precedent-following. This book examines the force and the limitations of these arguments and shows that although the principal requirement of the doctrine of precedent is that courts respect earlier judicial decisions on materially identical facts, the doctrine also requires courts to depart from such decisions when following them would perpetuate legal error or injustice. Not only do judicial precedents not 'bind' judges in the classical-positivist sense, but, were they to do so, they would be ill suited to common-law decision-making. Combining historical inquiry and philosophical analysis, this book will assist anyone seeking to understand how precedent operates as a common-law doctrine.