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This article reviews in a comparative perspective the regulations of different Western legal Systems on the cases of absence, disappearance and the presumption of death. Continental Systems are considered in the first place, from their two main historical sources, the French and the Germanie. The common law Systems are studied then, from their origins in the English law to their developments in the American common law and other mixed jurisdictions. The effects of the declaration of presumptive death are scrutinized comparatively, under different common categories. The study ends with an analysis of the tendencies underlying the developments found in this legal institution. The first outstanding tendency is one that progressively distinguishes the cases of absence from those of disappearance, both of them frequently confused in many legislations. Another One in the development of this subject is the separation being made between the genuine cases of disappearance, with doubt about life or death, from those of a certain death lacking the evidence of the corpse. One last legislative trend the article perceives is a strong tension between a position that considers the presumption of death as a declarative judgement, rebutta-ble with the evidence of life, and a view that understands it as being a judicially constituted status, its effects ending with the appearance of the disappeared person.
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Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.
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The following text examines the provisions under the Civil Code of Québec pertaining to contracts of adhesion, and more specifically to article 1437 in which courts are allowed to reduce or nullify obligations arising from abusive clauses in such contracts.
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The Supreme Court's influence on the law of the Civil Code ofLower Canada was so determining that it demonstrates that jurisprudence can be a true source of law. In the reform of the Civil Code, not all holdings of the Court were followed by the legislature, but the majority, and the most significant ones were codified. The dark era of the systematic «uniformisation» of Quebec law with the common law is over, nowadays the Court's approach to the civil law is enriched by well-conceived and respectful comparative law. This is yet another reason to regret that so few civil law decisions are handed down by the Court.
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Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.
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Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.
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Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.
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It has been suggested that the Canadian prime minister tends to enjoy powers to a degree that is unhealthy in a democratic society. This article evaluates the "prime minister as autocrat" argument that has gained currency, if not in the academic literature, certainly in the popular media. It is suggested that while there has been a relative increase in the concentration of power in the centre — the centre defined as the prime minister, his entourage and key central agencies — the portrait of prime ministerial autocracy has been overdrawn. None the less, reforms are desirable. Particularly ones that create or enhance counterweights to prime ministerial power will likely improve Canadian democracy. These reforms should focus not so much on strengthening the role of individual MPs but on reinforcing the position of cabinet, the parliamentary caucus and senate vis-à-vis the prime minister. In this respect, five possible reforms are discussed, and their prospects of being adopted assessed: proportional representation for the House of Commons, an elected senate, strengthened parliamentary caucuses, a fixed time-table for elections and the New Zealand approach to the appointment of senior officials.
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