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Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.
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Disclaimer: This summary was generated by AI based on the content of the source document.
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Contract terms can be express or implied. But what does that mean? I argue that the distinction can be illuminated by reference to the philosophy of language. Express terms are best understood by reference to the truth-conditional content of the parties’ agreement; implied terms are derived from express terms by a process of reasoning, albeit one aimed at establishing the parties’ commitments.
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This article is about structural analysis in Canadian constitutional law. Structural analysis is a methodology for identifying unwritten components of the constitution and giving them effect. These unwritten components—Parliamentary privilege, Crown prerogative, constitutional conventions and underlying constitutional principles—pertain to the basic institutions of the state and the norms that govern their operations and relations. We explain how structural analysis operates and show that it is essential to discerning and applying the unwritten constitution.
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La Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse met en place un mécanisme qui permet de prendre en charge une situation dans laquelle la sécurité ou le développement d’un enfant sont ou peuvent être considérés comme compromis. Il s’agit donc de redresser une situation potentielle ou avérée de violation des droits de l’enfant. Il arrive cependant que cette intervention elle-même bafoue les droits de l’enfant. Ainsi, le recours judiciaire en lésion de droits permet à la Chambre de la jeunesse de se prononcer sur l’existence de la lésion dans le cadre de l’intervention et d’ordonner des mesures pour y remédier. Notre contribution est le résultat d’une recherche par méthodes mixtes sur des cas récents de lésion de droits examinés par les tribunaux. Nous brossons un portrait des affaires identifiées et nous les analysons, particulièrement quant aux acteurs impliqués et aux mesures ordonnées, en tirant des conclusions sur l’utilité de ce recours.
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The Canadian Registry of Wrongful Convictions www.wrongfulconviction.ca .like similar registries in the United States and the United Kingdom, was designed to facilitate research on patterns and trends in wrongful convictions. As of its launch in February 2023, 15 of 83 remedied wrongful convictions or 17% were the result of guilty pleas by the accused. This is a similar percentage as found in a UK registry and lower than the 27% of guilty plea wrongful convictions found in the US registry. Forty percent of the guilty plea wrongful convictions were entered by women. Most of these involved the flawed expert testimony of Charles Smith about the cause of baby deaths and the majority of all remedied guilty plea wrongful convictions were for imagined crimes that did not happen. Almost half (7 of 15) of Canada’s false guilty pleas were taken from racialized people including three Indigenous men, one Black and Indigenous man, another Black man and a Brown man who had recently immigrated from India. Two of the fifteen false guilty pleas were taken from accused persons who had diagnosed mental health and cognitive challenges. With the exclusion of one false guilty plea to a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment and ineligibility for parole for 10 years, the average sentence in the remaining 14 cases was 10 months with evidence of “lop-sided” pleas especially in the cases involving Charles Smith and 2 of the 14 received sentences of time already served.